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Article: "Statistical," "practical," and clinical": how many kinds of significance do counselors need to consider? (Research).
- Article from:
- Journal of Counseling and Development
- Article date:
- January 1, 2002
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2002 American Counseling Association. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Statistical significance tests have a long history dating back at least to the 1700s. In 1710 a Scottish physician, John Arbuthnot, published his statistical analysis of 82 years of London birth rates as regards gender (Hacking, 1965). Similar applications emerged sporadically over the course of the next two centuries.
But statistical testing did not become ubiquitous until the early 1900s. In 1900, Karl Pearson developed the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. In 1908, William S. Gossett published his t test under the pseudonym "Student" because of the employment restrictions of the Dublin-based Guinness brewery in which he worked.
In 1918, Ronald Fisher ...