Article: Particle retention and flow in the pharynx of the enteropneust worm Harrimania planktophilus: the filter-feeding pharynx may have evolved before the chordates.

Introduction

The enteropneust worms and bryozoan-like pterobranchs constitute the small deuterostome phylum Hemichordata, which is generally regarded as an early offshoot from the chordate line of evolution (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994). Such a group might be expected to hold clues concerning early chordate pharyngeal evolution, but pharyngotremy and the feeding behavior of hemichordates have been little studied since the work of Barrington (1940; Barrington and Thorpe, 1963). What little work has been done on enteropneust feeding behavior has primarily focused on deposit feeding. The Enteropneusta have long been considered classical mucociliary feeders, collecting ...

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