Article: The Roots of Chinese Xenophobia - During most of the twentieth century, Chinese schools taught history as a series of guo chi, or national humiliations caused by foreign powers.

In 1900, the American public reacted with horror to newspaper accounts describing a siege of hundreds of foreign diplomats and civilians who were trapped inside a diplomatic compound in Peking, China. The atrocities committed by some members of the Chinese population--in this instance instigated by a group known as the Boxers--seemed incomprehensible and barbaric to many in the international community.

Almost one century later--in 1999 to be exact--the American public once again expressed surprise and bewilderment as news stories depicted Chinese mobs attacking the U.S. Embassy in Beijing. In both cases, strong evidence suggested that the Chinese government ...

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