Article: Dashed hopes for a new socialism. (East Germany)

The opening of the Berlin wall on November 9 signaled not only the beginning of the end of the German Democratic Republic but the simultaneous collapse of many of the left's most cherished illusions. East Germany, incorporating the historical heartland of German social democracy, with its rich tradition of Marxist theory and working-class struggle, seemed of all the countries of the Soviet bloc the one most likely to produce a mass socialist opposition.

It was the persistence of the socialist tradition that effectively isolated East Germany from the increasingly conservative trajectory of Eastern European dissent" in the 1980s. The explosive growth last fall of ...

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