Article: Soldiers of the State.(The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History)

The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History, by Philip Bobbitt (Knopf, 919 pp., $40)

Robert Stewart, second viscount Castlereagh, was the British foreign minister from 1812 to 1822. A member of the Irish peerage, melancholy, aloof, in many ways mysterious, he won a place in the British cabinet; there he labored, during the last decade of his life, to turn the coalition of Great Powers leagued against France into a peacetime alliance capable of establishing, and preserving, order in Europe.

To a large extent he succeeded. In 1814 the allied powers -- Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia -- pledged to maintain a ...

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