Article: Intimacy and bladder pain: helping women reclaim sexuality. (Intimacy Issues).

Chronic bladder symptoms such as overactive bladder, interstitial cystitis, and pelvic floor spasm can affect much more than a woman's voiding habits. The prevalence of dyspareunia, or painful intercourse, among women with bladder symptoms ranges from 49% to 90% (Held, Hanno, Wein, Paul, & Cain, 1990; Herman, 1989). Researchers verify that some women report that bladder pain is exacerbated by penetration and thrusting, while others report that pain increases with nonpenetrative foreplay and orgasm. In addition to the mechanical irritation that can occur during sexplay, the proximity of the urethra to the vestibular glands and the shared muscular and nervous system ...

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