Article: Johns Hopkins University. (Technology Spotlight).

Pinching pennies will produce less discernible results, if work from Johns Hopkins University should make its way into production. Engineers at the institution applied extreme cold and mechanical manipulation, followed by a carefully measured heat treatment, to achieve a form of pure copper that is six times stronger than normal with no significant loss of ductility. The new material was made by starting with a 1-in, cube of pure commercial copper and immersing it in liquid nitrogen--temperature: -321[degrees]F--for 3 to 5 minutes. After removal, the cube was progressively rolled flat to a thickness of 1 mm, cooling the sample between passes. This step affected the metal's ...

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