Article: Presidents since Washington have fought tax battles; Tariffs originally levied by government only for excise, foreign goods.(NATION)

Byline: Thomas V. DiBacco, SPECIAL TO THE WASHINGTON TIMES

President Bush's unfolding of a massive tax-reduction plan for Americans has sparked a political fight - as has every such presidential effort in the past.

In the old days, the federal government taxed Americans with a light hand. Under President Washington, there were excise taxes (on liquor for example) and the indirect taxes of tariff duties on foreign goods, which protected American business from outside competition while raising revenue.

But other than these two levies, Americans - rich or poor - were tax-free as far as the federal government was concerned. Revenues from tariffs ...

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