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Article: Gadolinium
- Article from:
- Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Gadolinium
melting point:
1,311
°
C
boiling point:
3,233.0
°
C
density:
7.89 g cm
−
3
most common ion:
Gd
3+
Gadolinium is a chemical element. Its ground state electronic configuration is [Xe]4f
7
5d6s
2
. Monazite and bastnasite are the principal gadolinium ores, in which gadolinium occurs together with other members of the
rare earth elements
or the
lanthanides
. It can be separated from the other rare earths by ion exchange or solvent extraction techniques. Gadolinia, the oxide of gadolinium, was first extracted from the mineral gadolinite by Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac in 1880. (Gadolinite is named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin.) In 1886 Paul-
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