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Article: Lanthanides
- Article from:
- Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Lanthanides
The lanthanide or
rare earth elements
(atomic numbers 57 through 71) typically add electrons to the 4f orbitals as the
atomic number
increases, but lanthanum (4f
0
) is usually considered a lanthanide. Scandium and yttrium are also chemically similar to lanthanides. Lanthanide chemistry is typically that of +3 cations, and as the atomic number increases, there is a decrease in radius for each lanthanide, known as the "lanthanide contraction." Because bonding within the lanthanide series is usually predominantly ionic, the lanthanide ...
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