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Article: Social Welfare
- Article from:
- Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society
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CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Social Welfare
HISTORY
Hamilton Cravens
COMPARATIVE TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS
Ning de Coninck-Smith
Bengt Sandin
HISTORY
Modern social welfare and social welfare institutions have undergone three distinct periods of historical devel
opment. In the early and mid-nineteenth century, in North America and in western and central Europe, reformers tinkered with a variety of social insurance schemes, mainly pensions for the aged and certain voluntary or market-based remedies. They also organized various institutions designed to care for the mentally ill, promote public health, ward off epidemics, expand public education, and improve the lot of entrepreneurs, artisans, mechanics, and the ...