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Article: Cholera
- Article from:
- Encyclopedia of Public Health
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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CHOLERA
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by a bacterium,
Vibrio cholerae
. There are several environmental strains of
Vibrio cholerae
, which are found mainly in brackish waters and marine environments, but only two strains are responsible for cholera epidemics in humans, serogroups O1 and O139.
The first described cholera pandemic was in Europe from 1817 to 1823. However, the disease was known in Asia prior to that, with the first possible descriptions dating back as far as 2,000 years ago in India and China. Since that first pandemic there have been a total of seven pandemics. The cholera outbreaks that occurred in London, England in 1849 and 1854 are important in the ...