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Article: Ecosystems
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- Plant Sciences
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CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2001 The Gale Group Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Ecosystems
Systems are assemblages of interacting objects that are linked by transfers of energy and matter, behave in specific ways under certain conditions, and are often governed by cybernetic controls that involve the flow of information through positive and
negative feedback
. In 1935 British ecologist Arthur Tansley (1871-1955) described functioning organisms and their physical environment as the "basic units of nature on the face of the Earth" and referred to them by the term "ecosystem." The components are both living (within the biotic realm) and nonliving (abiotic). The biotic components comprise the communities of organisms formed by interacting populations. While ecosystems ...
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Article: Defenders of Wildlife Says GAO Report on Ecosystems ...
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... ... managing whole ecosystems to maintain their ... be managed along ecosystem boundaries, they don't ... to delineate the boundaries or about how to manage the ecosystems. They need to ... new GAO report, Ecosystem Management: Additional ...
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