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Article: Ecology, Marine
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- Water:Science and Issues
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CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Ecology, Marine
Marine ecology describes the interactions of marine
species
with their biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) environments. The biotic environment includes interactions with other living organisms. The abiotic environment includes aspects of the physical
habitat
, such as water temperature, chemical composition, depth, and current.
Trophic Levels and Biomass Pyramids
The word "trophic" refers to feeding, and "trophic levels" describe the feeding levels in a
food chain
. The first trophic level includes species known as
primary producers
. These organisms produce
organic
material from
inorganic
substances using resources from the environment and an external ...