Encyclopedia entry: France, Undeclared Naval War with

France, Undeclared Naval War with (1798–1800).In the 1778 treaty that created the Franco‐American Alliance , the two countries agreed to mutual defense and accepted the doctrine that neutral ships carried neutral cargoes. But under President George Washington , the United States retained its neutrality when England and Revolutionary France went to war in 1793; and in 1794, John Jay negotiated a treaty conceding both favored status in trade and a broad definition of contraband to England—in effect, agreeing to limit trade with France. French privateers responded by seizing nearly $200,000 worth of American shipping during 1796–97.

President John Adams wanted to ...

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