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Encyclopedia entry: Segregation, De Facto
- Article from:
- The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the UnitedStates
- Author:
Copyright© The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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Segregation, De Facto
Racial segregation that exists in fact but was neither created by specific statutes nor enforced by statutes or judicial decrees is known as
de facto segregation
. Such segregation is typically a result of housing patterns and economic conditions, combined with governmental policies that were not specifically designed to segregate the races but that had that effect (see
Housing Discrimination
).
The Supreme Court first used the term “de facto segregation” in
Swann v. Charlotte‐Mecklenburg Board of Education
(1971), but that case, involving court‐ordered busing in a district that had once been segregated by law, turned on other issues ...