Article: Howard Beach, then and now

Boyd, Herb
New York Amsterdam News
07-13-2005
About a couple of blocks and 19 years separate two hate crimes in Howard
Beach.

While in both instances a mob of white youths brutally attacked three Black
men, the crimes differ in several ways, especially given the context, and
the city's mood and racial attitude.

When Michael Griffith was hit and killed by a car on the Belt Parkway while
fleeing his attackers in 1986, the city was a powder keg of racial tension,
particularly following Willie Turks' tragic death in Gravesend by whites in
1982; the police shooting death of Eleanor Bumpers in 1984; and the subway
shooting of Black youths by Bernhard Goetz in 1984.

Griffith's death aroused the Black ...

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