Article: Marcus Aurelius: Emperor and Stoic

MARCUS AURELIUS A Biography By Anthony Birley Yale University Press. 320 pp. $25

WHEN PLATO, in The Republic, foresaw no end of troubles for human communities unless philosophers became kings or kings philosophers, he was thinking of small city-states like his native Athens, or Syracuse, where his attempt to raise a young despot as philosopher ended in dismal failure. He could hardly have imagined that some six centuries after his own day a man trained as a philosopher and devoted to philosophy would become sole ruler of an empire that stretched from Spain and Scotland in the West to Syria and Egypt in the East, including within its boundaries the future sites of Bonn, Vienna, Budapest, ...

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