Article: A giant leap into a flat universe

FIVE hundred years ago Christopher Columbus proved that the Earth is round. Yesterday, cosmologists proved that the universe is flat.

Carlos Frenk, professor of astrophysics at Durham University, is over the moon. "It is phenomenal," he enthuses. "It is one of the most important intellectual accomplishments of our time. This is what being a human is all about. It is a great day in the history of science."

The discovery was made by peering into the past, looking back something like 15 billion years to a few seconds after the Big Bang had created the universe. The time machine that cosmologists used was a balloon called Boomerang that they flew for ten days at

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