Article: Fragile Civil Society Takes Root in Chinese Reform

In 1992, when Liang Congjie and some friends wanted to start an environmental group, it would have been illegal for them just to meet or hang a shingle. First they needed to find an organizational "mother-in-law," or sponsor -- not a simple task in China.

The national environmental protection agency considered their request for 10 months, then turned them down, declaring that the nation could have only one environmental nongovernmental organization and that Liang and his friends weren't up to the task. So Liang changed the group's name to the China Environmental Cultural Society, and became a branch of the Academy of Chinese Culture under the Culture Ministry. Only then could he get ...

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