Article: A Complex Complex

Q. Why did Freud think women suffer from "penis envy" when that is obviously absurd?

A. Sure it's easy to criticize Freud these days. But when you look at what Freud wrote, at the actual text, is it really so offensive? He wrote that women "fall a victim to envy for the penis which will leave ineradicable traces on their development and which will not be surmounted in even the most favorable cases without a severe expenditure of psychical energy."

He went on to say that because of this trauma, women suffer from "narcissism" and "physical vanity" and have a weak sense of justice; that they are rigid and inflexible; that "to be loved is a stronger need for them than to love"; that "they ...

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