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Article: The Debate on Carcinogenicity of Permanent Hair Dyes: New Insights
- Article from:
- Critical Reviews in Toxicology
- Article date:
- July 1, 2007
- Author:
CopyrightCopyright Taylor & Francis Ltd. Jul 2007. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
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Oxidative (permanent) hair dyes contain one or several "primary intermediates" (e.g., p-phenylenediamines, p-aminophenols) and "couplers" (e.g., m-aminophenols, m-hydroxyphenols). In the presence of peroxide, the primary intermediate(s) and the coupler(s) undergo a chemical reaction to form colored oligomers. In the 1970s a number of aromatic amines used in oxidative hair dyes were identified as mutagenic and/or carcinogenic in rodents after lifetime oral administration. In response, regulatory action was taken, and some hair dye ingredients were banned in the European Union. Although recent results suggest that the main "primary intermediate" of oxidative hair dyes, p-phenylenediamine, has ...