I. INTRODUCTION

"Nations - wrote Gellner - unlike the brotherhood of man favoured by the Enlightenment, are exclusive clubs" (Gellner, 1997:68). This exclusive club allegory may be applied to the Republican Regime installed in 1889 in Brazil, which would put into practice and would intensi fy the elite's power project implanted since 1822, after the country's independence. By the use of well succeeded strategies, popular masses were excluded from politics and were seen as dangerous and antagonists of the State, despite the fact of being constituted by the country's inhabitants. For them it was restrained a similar treatment appropriated for a foreign enemy. Not being recognized in their ...

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