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The Influence of Social Composition on Reproductive Behavior of Territorial Male California Sea Lions

Abstract

The behavior of territorial males in a polygynous mating species may be influenced by a variety of factors related to site-specific conditions. In this paper, the behavioral dynamics of territorial male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are characterized throughout the breeding season and across rookery sites at Los Islotes Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Observations focused on three spatially distinct rookeries at Los Islotes that varied in the number and density of territorial males, the number of females, and the number of subadult males. Rates of male and female aggression were similar among sites and across the season. However, differences in ...

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