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Tornado Warnings, Lead Times, and Tornado Casualties: An Empirical Investigation
- Article from:
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Weather and Forecasting
- Article date:
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April 1, 2008
- Author:
- Simmons, Kevin M; Sutter, Daniel
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Copyright informationCopyright American Meteorological Society Apr 2008. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
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ABSTRACT
Conventional wisdom holds that improved tornado warnings will reduce tornado casualties, because longer lead times on warnings provide extra opportunities to alert residents who can then take precautions. The relationship between warnings and casualties is examined using a dataset of tornadoes in the contiguous United States between 1986 and 2002. Two questions are examined: Does a warning issued on a tornado reduce the resulting number of fatalities and injuries? Do longer lead times reduce casualties? It is found that warnings have had a significant and consistent effect on tornado injuries, with a reduction of over 40% at some lead time intervals. The results for fatalities are ...
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lead
The Oxford American Writers Thesaurus;
534 words
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Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences;
January 1, 1999 ;
Cason, Katherine L;
787 words
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Consumers' Research Magazine;
May 1, 1992 ;
Hunter, Beatrice Trum;
787 words
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Pamphlet by: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences;
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787 words
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JOM;
October 1, 2006 ;
Wilson, David N;
787 words
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U.S. News & World Report;
November 24, 1986 ;
Wellborn, Stanley N.;
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October 1, 1998 ;
Sawdey, Dave;
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February 1, 2007 ;
Walker, Misha K. Brown, Mary Jean;
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January 1, 2004 ;
Altera, Barbara B;
787 words
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Law & Order;
January 1, 2005 ;
Nielsen, Eugene;
787 words
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The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel;
November 24, 2003 ;
DAVID KOHN;
668 words
...Lead a concern in urban gardens Leafy green vegetables, herbs...home-grown plants might contain potentially dangerous levels of lead, according to a new study of Chicago residential gardens...plants' leaves -- the part people normally eat. Exposure to lead causes a variety of health problems, particularly ...
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Screening of school children for blood lead levels and attempts to reduce...
Indian Journal of Medical Sciences;
May 1, 2008 ;
Vishwanath, Prashant; Prashant, Akila; Devanand, D; Nayak, Narendra; D'souza, Vivian; Venkatesh, T;
787 words
...Introduction Lead is ubiquitous in the environment as a result of industrialization. The use of lead-containing paints and leaded petrol has been accountable for a gradual accumulation of lead wastes in recent times, resulting in overall...
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Good Housekeeping;
October 1, 1998 ;
787 words
...Lead-based paint no longer haunts the shelves of your local hardware...will be required by law to inform home owners of general lead hazards before doing any work. That's partly because health experts now know that even small levels of lead cause harm. The blood lead level considered dangerous for...
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