To the Editor:

In their excellent article, Aldrete et al. have attributed the discovery of the hanging drop method to Alberto Gutierrez in 1933.1 This technique of identifying the moment of penetrating the ligamentum flavum while advancing a needle, besides other methods, highly contributed to the widespread use of epidural anesthesia 75 years ago.

Yet, in the well known textbook entitled Epidural Analgesia by Philip R. Bromage, the following statement can be found: "Gutierrez (1933) and Soresi (1932) were the first to apply internal pressure differences to the identification of the space, and they devised the 'hanging drop' sign." Indeed, in his paper published February 17, 1932, A. L. ...

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