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Kongo Slavery Remembered by Themselves: Texts from 1915*

In modern societies, it is generally assumed that an individual is or ought to be the "owner" of his or her own labor and free to offer services to others contractually, in exchange for money or equivalent services. The foundational argument for the natural autonomy of "men" within a consensual p olitical community was made by John Locke in his Essay Concerning Civil Government, and reinforced later by classical economics and utilitarian ethics.1 The necessary alternative Locke envisaged was slavery, which is "nothing else but the state of war continued between a lawful conqueror and a captive," and excludes any compact that the parties might enter into.2 This assumption of autonomy makes ...

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