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Article: Transforming Growth Factor-[beta] Activity in Commercially Available Pasteurized Cow Milk Provides Protection against Inflammation in Mice1,2
- Article from:
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Article date:
- January 1, 2009
- Author:
CopyrightCopyright American Institute of Nutrition Jan 2009. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
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Abstract
Cow milk contains a large amount of an immunoregulatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-& (TGFβ). The present study investigated whether commercially available pasteurized cow milk retains TGFβ activity both in vitro and in vivo. Some commercial cow milk increased TGFβ/Smad-responsive reporter activity and induced Smad2 phosphorylation and the transcription of the TGFβ/Smad target genes TGFβ itself and Smad7 in vitro. Mice treated orally with 500 µL of cow milk containing TGFβ (3 µg/L) daily for 2 wk had increased phosphorylation of Smad2 and TGFβ and Smad7 mRNA expression in the intestine. These mice also had significantly ...