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Article: Measurements of Vapor Pressures of Sc, La, and Ce by Multi-Knudsen Cell Mass Spectrometry
- Article from:
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions
- Article date:
- October 1, 2009
- Author:
CopyrightCopyright Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International Oct 2009. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
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The vapor pressures of Sc, La, and Ce were determined by multi-Knudsen cell mass spectrometry with ionized cross sections as described in the literature. The vapor pressure of Sc at temperatures from 1373 K to 1573 K was measured using Cu as a reference material, and those of La and Ce from 1473 K to 1573 K were measured using Y as a reference material. From the measured vapor pressures, the Gibbs energy of formation of each gaseous element was derived.
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-009-9275-6
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2009
I. INTRODUCTION
RARE earth (RE) elements have been increasingly used in new technological applications such as electronics, ...