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Industrial family businesses in Germany - Situation and future by Gunter Kayser, Frank Wallau

As reported in an earlier study by Wallau and Kayser (2001), over 99% of German firms are small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs)those with fewer than 500 employees or with an annual turnover of less than 100 million DM. Astonishingly, 94.8% of these firms are owner managed, with most family businesses having been transferred to the second or third generation. Based on an estimation technique not specified in the current paper, the authors report that there are approximately 107,000 industrial enterprises in Germany. Furthermore, based on a "specially developed method of estimation ..." 84.4%, or approximately 90,000, of these firms are family businesses or owner managed. These firms ...

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