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Article: Cross-tropopause convective transport of water vapor
- Article from:
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
- Article date:
- February 1, 2003
- Author:
CopyrightCopyright American Meteorological Society Feb 2003. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
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The plumes above thunderstorms that are often observed in higher-- resolution satellite images are successfully simulated by a convective cloud model. The analysis of model results indicates that the plumes form from water vapor that is injected into the stratosphere by the cloud-top gravity wave-breaking mechanism.
Nearly all previous studies of the transport of water vapor from the troposphere into the lower stratosphere focused on the isentropic diffusion. But recent observations of the plumes above some severe storms in midlatitudes point out the possibility of nonadiabatic cross-tropopause transport by the deep convective process.
We simulated this process using a 3D cloud dynamical ...