Article: The science of pepper spray

Pepper spray devices are virtually compulsory equipment for officers. Unfortunately, the reliability, performance and safety of the current products available to officers and the general public are questionable. In a recent discussion with a local officer, an approximate 50% rate of failure was given for their current pepper spray product (First Defense MK-4, 0.18% capsaicinoids). Perhaps you or someone you know has used a pepper spray product in the apprehension of an aggressive subject and experienced similar unexpected results.

Perhaps the subject was not incapacitated or the exposure resulted in unpredicted, adverse symptoms for the assailant? Proposed reasons for product failure and ...

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