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The Effect of Undergraduate Student Involvement on Critical Thinking: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature 1991-2000

A meta-analysis of eight studies from 1991 to 2000 determined the effect of Greek life, clubs and organizations, faculty interaction, peer interaction, living on campus, and employment on critical thinking. Students involved in these activities experienced a .14 gain in critical thinking compared to students who were not involved.

Colleges and universities have long claimed that a primary goal of higher education is to help students develop the ability to think critically (Astin 1991; McMillan, 1987). The teaching of critical thinking can be traced back to Socrates in ancient Greece. Socrates' teaching method was designed to encourage students to question common beliefs and distinguish ...

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