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Article: Effects of Music Listening and Relaxation Instructions on Arousal Changes and the Working Memory Task in Older Adults
- Article from:
- Journal of Music Therapy
- Article date:
- July 1, 2004
- Author:
CopyrightCopyright American Music Therapy Association Summer 2004. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of subject-preferred music and relaxation instructions on older adults' arousal and working memory. Fifteen female older adults participated in 10 minutes of all 3 experimental conditions: (a) subject-preferred music, (b) relaxation instructions, and (c) silence control. Four subcategories of arousal level, energy, tiredness, tension, and calmness, were measured before and after experimental treatment using the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List by Thayer (1978). After each experimental condition, subjects had a working memory test by Daneman and Carpenter (1980). Results of the 2 × 3 repeated measures analysis of variances ...