GCM simulations of the aerosol indirect effect: Sensitivity to cloud...

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences;  February 1, 2002 ;     700+ words ......is used to estimate the aerosol indirect effect is described. The cloud...microphysical process rates. The aerosol indirect effect is calculated by differencing...tested. The global mean aerosol indirect effect for all three aerosol types...

Large-Eddy Simulations of Trade Wind Cumuli: Investigation of Aerosol...

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences;  June 1, 2006 ;     700+ words ......associated with the second aerosol indirect effect. It is found that the complex...indicating that the second aerosol indirect effect may be hard to measure...and cooling (the second aerosol indirect effect). Precipitation suppression...

Global survey of the relationships of cloud albedo and liquid water path...

Journal of Climate;  July 1, 1998 ;     700+ words ......approach used to model the aerosol indirect effect on clouds holds the cloud...properties (called the aerosol indirect effect) is the most uncertain...and Andreae 1996). The aerosol indirect effect refers to the influence...

Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect:...

Behavior Research Methods;  August 1, 2007 ;     700+ words ......accurate confidence limits for the indirect effect, as demonstrated in several recent...for the two paths involved in the indirect effect and their standard errors are entered...from www.psychonomic.org/archive. An indirect effect implies a causal relation in which...

Indirect aerosol forcing, quasi forcing, and climate response

Journal of Climate;  July 1, 2001 ;     700+ words ......pure forcing for the second indirect effect. This raises the question of whether evaluation of the second indirect effect in this manner is adequate...the calculations of the first indirect effect as a forcing and quasi forcing...

Assessing the performance impacts of information systems from the...

Journal of Business Strategies;  September 22, 2007 ;     700+ words ......advantage has increasingly embraced the indirect effect of IS on firm performance; that is...data, this study set out to test the indirect effect of IS and determine the complementary...performance, whereas the latter implies an indirect effect of IS. While researchers have ...

Aerosol Impacts on the Diurnal Cycle of Marine Stratocumulus

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences;  August 1, 2008 ;     700+ words ......studies of the impact of aerosol on the dynamics of nocturnal...large-scale forcings, an aerosol-induced increase of the...efficiency. In this study, the aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics...referred to as the first aerosol indirect effect (AIE). It took, however...albedo ...

SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple...

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers;  November 1, 2004 ;     700+ words ......statistically and practically significant indirect effect. Although mediation hypotheses are...that facilitate estimation of the indirect effect with a normal theory approach and...for sure why the significance of the indirect effect is rarely tested formally, but at...

Tropical rainfall trends and the indirect aerosol effect

Journal of Climate;  August 1, 2002 ;     700+ words ......clouds have been identified. The "first indirect effect" refers to the radiative impact of...aerosols (Twomey 1977). The "second indirect effect" refers to the radiative impact of...Observational support for the first indirect effect is substantial, and is based on in...

Indirect Impact of Atmospheric Aerosols in Idealized Simulations of...

Journal of Climate;  September 15, 2006 ;     700+ words ......and the hydrologic cycle (the second indirect effect). The convective-radiative quasi equilibrium...microphysics is dominated by the first indirect effect, whereas the second indirect effect has a smaller impact. The assumed droplet...

Alliance Research Supports HFC Use.(Brief Article)

Ozone Depletion Network Online Today;  August 8, 2000 ;     270 words ......The group cited a study which analyzed both the direct and indirect effect of several types of refrigeration equipment. The Alliance...global warming potential (GWP) of the compound, while the indirect effect measures the amount of energy necessary to operate the equipment...

indirect

The Oxford American Writers Thesaurus;      64 words ...indirect • adjective   1. an indirect effect synonyms : incidental, accidental, unintended, unintentional, secondary, subordinate, ancillary, concomitant.   2. the indirect...

Snow may hold key to understanding global warming

University Wire;  March 10, 2008 ;     700+ words ......aerosol particles, that can have an indirect effect on the clouds, which can change the...effect of aerosol particles, and the indirect effect of aerosol particles. Simply speaking...causes warming and cooling, and the indirect effect of aerosols causes cooling only. However...

After Sept. 11, Labor Agency Makes New `Non-Natural Disaster' Code for...

High Point Enterprise (High Point, North Carolina) (via Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News);  January 1, 2002 ;     173 words ......identification of workers separated from companies as a direct or indirect effect of situations such as the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. In...events involving 103,781 workers separated as a direct or indirect effect of the attacks. Thirty-one states reported extended mass...

repercussion

Webster's NewWorld Dictionary;      62 words ......back by something resistant; rebound; recoil 2. reflection, as of light or sound; reverberation 3. a far-reaching, often indirect effect of or reaction to some event or action: usually used in pl. --re|per|cus'sive adj. Copyright 1994, 1991, 1988 Simon &...